Investing In China: Expatriate Individual Income Tax

riates on Business Trips to Chinacalendar year), you will have to pay individual income
If you are sent to China by your company, your salarytax on your worldwide income. Fortunately, taxes paid
is paid outside of China, and you spend less than 183overseas can be deducted from taxes payable to the
days in China in a calendar year, than you must payChinese tax authorities. It is whispered that this rule is
Chinese Individual Income Tax based on the days ofrarely if ever enforced, however.
the year you spend in China (note thatWork Permits
“China” for the purposes of this articleExpatriates based in China must obtain a work visa,
excludes Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan). If youwork permit, and residence card. You and your family
spend more than 183 days in China in any givenwill also have to register with the local police station.
calendar year, you will have to pay taxes on allYou will need to take a medical exam at a designated
China-source income (income related to worklocal hospital in order to obtain these documents (this
performed in China). This 183-day threshold is reducedtakes a couple of hours and results are usually issued
to 90 for nationals of countries that have no tax treatyon the same day or the day following).
with China.Tax Rates
Foreigners Working for Chinese Enterprises in ChinaChinese individual income tax rates are more steeply
(including joint ventures, wholly foreign ownedgraduated than in many nations, particularly the United
enterprises and representative offices)States. Of course this is good news if you have a
If you hold a position such as Chief Representative ofrelatively low income, but for those who come to
a representative office or General Manager of aChina on lucrative expatriate salaries it might mean
Chinese LLC, wholly foreign owned enterprise orhigher taxes. Employees are required to withhold
Sino-foreign joint venture, your individual income taxindividual income tax from their employees’
liability begins to accrue on the minute you step off thepaychecks.
plane in China. If you hold such a position, even if youNote: Local tax bureaus apply formal and informal
do not visit China during the entire calendar year youstandards as to what constitutes a
will still have to file a tax return reporting zero“reasonable salary” in a given industry.
China-source income (note that even though yourFactors include position, education, and country of
salary in this case would be in exchange fororigin. If they believe you are underreporting your
China-related work, it was not performed withinincome they can unilaterally raise your declared income
Chinese borders and thus is not consideredto the standard and tax you accordingly.
China-source income).The first RMB 4,000 of salary is tax-free Total tax
According to the law you should declare the full salaryliability can be calculated with the following formula:
for the position and pay individual income tax(Total Salary – RMB 4,000 X Graduated Tax
accordingly. In practice, however, it is common to seeRate) – Standard Deductible = Individual Income
foreigners declaring an "arranged" fixed salary for theirTax Liability
China position (with the rest being paid off-shore) andUp to RMB20,000 = 20%
pay taxes accordingly. This practice is illegal, and whileRMB20,001-40,000 = 25%
it has been common practice in the past, it also putsRMB40,001-64,000 = 30%
the employer at risk. Fines of several million RMB haveRMB60,001-80,000 = 35%
been assessed against foreign invested enterprisesRMB80,001-100,000 = 40%
for tolerating such practices, and the risk of beingOver RMB100,000 = 45%
caught is increasing.Note: The standard deductible has been omitted from
Foreigners Holding Concurrent Posts in China andthe above. It graduates from a minimum of RMB 375
Overseas.to a maximum of RMB 15,375. At the time of this
In this case you should arrive in China on a businesswriting, the exchange rate is approximately RMB8 =
visa, and you will be subject to individual income taxUS$1.
based on the number of days physically present inPerks and Benefits
China. This is based on the total salary you areMany common expat perks and benefits are
claiming from your local position and from yournontaxable.
employer abroad. The Chinese tax bureau may wantIn general, expenses that you pay yourself (in
to see proof of earnings from your overseasexchange for local official invoices) with cash
employer (tax slips, payment vouchers, etc). At theallowances provided by your employer are taxable.
end of each month your China employer must takeExpenses that your employer pays on your behalf
copies of your passport and pay taxes based upon(housing, etc.) are generally considered non-taxable.
the number of days you were physically present inFixed housing allowances, hardship allowances, and
China. The tax bureau will issue a receipt, and thisfixed expenses paid in cash are generally taxable,
amount can be credited against the tax paid in yourwhile provided housing at cost, free use of a vehicle,
resident location (ie: you won't have to pay tax both inhome leave allowances, educational allowances for
China and your resident location for the time spent independents, and reimbursed expenditures are
China as long as your country has a tax treaty withgenerally nontaxable as long as the amounts are
China).considered “reasonable”.
Chinese Residency and Taxation of Your WorldwidePenalties
IncomePenalties for late payment, non-payment and other
If you are deemed a “tax resident” byviolations are often up to five times the amount due
the Chinese government (possible if you have stayed(plus the overdue amount). More serious penalties for
in China for more than 5 years without residing outsideemployers in case of intentional, systematic or
the PRC for more than a total of 90 days eachrepeated violations include cancellation of business
calendar year or 30 consecutive days within alicenses and seizure of assets.