| Who does want to save thousands of dollars on | | | | two-thirds of their personal exemptions. You'll need to |
| taxes? We all do. If you are a parent or taxpayer who | | | | use a worksheet in IRS Publication 501 to calculate |
| supports relatives, you can benefits from various tax | | | | your personal exemption amount if your adjusted |
| deductions, tax credits and lower tax rates directly | | | | gross income is over the threshold amounts shown |
| related to dependents. The issue of claiming | | | | below. |
| dependent on your tax return can be a tricky one, | | | | Filing status - Head of Household |
| especially when it comes to non-children dependents. | | | | The Internal Revenue Code offers various filing status |
| This article helps you to understand what is dependent, | | | | options; Single, Married filing jointly, Married filing |
| who can claim one, and what are the tax benefits you | | | | separately, Head of Household and qualifying widow. |
| can obtain when claiming dependents. | | | | Out of the three that could fit unmarried parents, head |
| Who qualifies as a dependent? | | | | of household provides the lowest tax rates and |
| Dependent, according to the Internal Revenue Service | | | | therefore the best choice in most cases. |
| (IRS) guidelines, can be the taxpayer's child or a | | | | To be able to file as Head of Household you need to |
| relative. In general the tax code looks at four tests in | | | | be unmarried and provide support to at least one child, |
| regard to dependents: relationship, residence, age, and | | | | parent, or other closely related family member that |
| support. | | | | lives with you for more than 6 months ("qualifying |
| Child - Dependent | | | | person"). In many cases a dependent meets the |
| To qualify as a dependent a child must meet the | | | | criteria of a qualifying person for head of household |
| following criteria:o Relationship: The child can be a son, | | | | although dependent could be a "relative" (much |
| daughter, stepchild, foster child, brother, sister, | | | | broader definition) as appose to "closely related family |
| half-brother, half-sister, stepbrother, stepsister or a | | | | member" (much narrower definition) when it comes to |
| descendant of any of them.o Residency: The child | | | | "qualifying person"). |
| need to be living with you for more than half the yearo | | | | Comparing the 2009 tax rates for Single and Head of |
| Age: The child must be under the age of 19 by | | | | household filing status, clearly shows that the later |
| December 31 of the tax year, under age 24 if he or | | | | provides for lower taxes. For example, single will pay |
| she was a full-time student, or disabled at any age.o | | | | 15% tax on taxable income of $8,350 or more, while |
| Support: he or she can't provide more than half of his | | | | head of household will only start paying 15% on |
| or her own support. | | | | taxable income of $11,950. |
| Relative - Dependent | | | | Child tax credits |
| To qualify as a dependent a relative must meet the | | | | Child tax credit works as a tax payment, meaning it |
| following criteria:o Residency: The relative must have | | | | reduces your tax liability by the amount of the credit. |
| lived in your house for the entire year unless the | | | | As in dependent case, there are several tests that |
| relative is one of the following: child, stepchild, foster | | | | need to be met for any taxpayer to claim Child tax |
| child, descendant of any of them, brother, sister, | | | | credit. The tests are: Age, Relationship, Citizenship, |
| half-brother, half-sister, stepbrother or stepsister, father, | | | | Support and Residency. |
| mother, grandparent or other direct ancestor (does not | | | | To qualify for the credit, a child must meet the |
| include foster parent), stepfather, stepmother, niece, | | | | following criteria:o Age - has to be less than 17 years |
| nephew, uncle, aunt, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, | | | | of age by December 31 of the tax year.o Relationship |
| father-in-law, mother-in-law, brother-in-law or | | | | - must be a son, daughter, adopted child, stepchild or |
| sister-in-law.o Support: The relative's annual gross | | | | eligible foster child, brother, sister, stepbrother, |
| income must be less than $3,500 and you must be | | | | stepsister, or a descendant of any of them.o |
| responsible for providing more than half of his for her | | | | Citizenship - must be a U.S. citizen, U.S. national or |
| support | | | | resident of the U.S.o Support - Did not provide over |
| Support includes amounts paid or incurred for the | | | | half of his or her own supporto Residency - Must |
| following items:o Foodo Lodgingo Clothingo Educationo | | | | have lived with you for more than half of the tax year |
| Medical and dental careo Recreationo Transportation | | | | Currently the credit for each qualifying child is $1,000. |
| Any item that is paid for the household as a group (for | | | | As in personal exemption, the credit is phased-out if |
| example food for the household members) and not | | | | gross income is higher than:o Married Filing Jointly |
| directly for the relative, should be allocated evenly | | | | $110,000o Married Filing Separately $ 55,000o All others |
| between the members of the household. | | | | $ 75,000 |
| Tax Benefits related to dependents | | | | Child and Dependent Care Credit |
| The tax law provides for several tax credits, tax | | | | One more credit that is available for a taxpayer who |
| deductions and other tax benefits resulting from | | | | supports dependent is the Child and Dependent Care |
| claiming child and or relative dependents. Here is a list | | | | Credit. This credit can be claimed by a taxpayer who |
| of those benefits:o Personal exemptionso Filing status - | | | | pays someone to care for his or her dependent under |
| head of householdo Child tax creditso Child and | | | | age 13 or a disabled dependent so that he or she |
| Dependent Care Credit | | | | could work or look for work. |
| In the discussion below we shall analyze the various | | | | The criteria you must meet to qualify for the Child and |
| benefits and describe how to maximize them when | | | | Dependent Care Credit are:o You must have paid for |
| you file your annual tax return. | | | | dependent care expenses so that you could work or |
| Personal exemptions | | | | look for work.o If married, your spouse must work full |
| Personal exemption works like a tax deduction, it | | | | or part time or be a full timeo Provide for more than |
| reduced the taxpayer gross income by the amount f | | | | half of the qualifying dependent's supporto Pay |
| the personal exemption and results in a lower taxable | | | | qualifying expenses in excess of any tax free |
| income. | | | | reimbursements from your employero Disclose on |
| A word of caution: you cannot claim someone as | | | | your tax return the name, address, and taxpayer |
| dependent if he or she can be claimed as dependent | | | | identification number of the child care provider |
| on someone else's return and if in fact he or she is | | | | The credit is calculated as % of your qualifying |
| claimed as dependent on someone else's return. | | | | expenses and capped at $3,000 for the first child and |
| Additionally, personal exemptions are subject to | | | | up to $6,000 2 or more qualifying dependents. The % |
| phase-out limits, thus the higher the income shown on | | | | of credit out of the qualifying expenses starts at 35% |
| your 1040, the more you loose from your personal | | | | with gross income of $15,000 or less and goes down |
| exemption deduction. For current year phase-out | | | | to 20% as the gross income increases. |
| calculation, please refer to IRS Publication 501. | | | | Conclusion |
| You may be eligible to claim personal exemption for | | | | Dependents allow you as a taxpayer to benefit from |
| any qualifying dependent (see discussion above). The | | | | various tax deductions, tax credits and lower tax rates. |
| amount of the personal exemption is set up by the IRS | | | | However, understanding who qualifies as dependent is |
| as it is indexed annually for inflation. For 2009, personal | | | | not a simple task since each tax benefit defines |
| exemption is set up as $3,650, up from $3,200 back in | | | | dependent differently. This article helps you to sort out |
| 2005. | | | | the various definitions of dependents and assists you in |
| Taxpayers will lose some of their personal exemptions | | | | maximizing your tax benefits that relate to your |
| if adjusted gross income exceeds certain threshold | | | | dependents. |
| amounts. However, taxpayers can lose at most | | | | |