UK Self-Assessment - How the Tax System Works

"body">I Heard Something About 'Payments On Account -
The government says that 'tax doesn't have to beWhat Are They? When you work out the tax you
taxing.' They say it a lot, actually. But for most people itowe, as well as paying your liability, you have to start
does remain a complete mystery. If you're starting out,paying in advance towards the following year.
one of the big questions you're going to have is 'howFor example, if your tax liability is £5,000, then as
do I pay tax on this?'well as paying this, you have to make two payments
The real big question, of course, is 'how do I avoidon account of £2,500 each. The first payment
paying tax on this?' For now, let's just tackle theon account is due along with the tax return, by 31st
question of how self-assessment is going to work forJanuary. The second payment on account is due by
you.the 31st July, six months later.
The tax year The tax year in the UK runs from 6 AprilIn time, this all works out nicely, because come the
to 5 April. Thus the 2005/2006 tax year starts on 6next tax year, if your tax liability is £5,000 again,
April 2005 and ends on 5 April 2006.then you've already paid this with your two payments
The Tax Returnon account, and you just have to go on paying your
If you're self-employed, you have to submit a tax£2,500 payments on account in January and
return that covers your earning activities during the taxJuly.
year. If you have a job, you'll enter the employmentPayments on account can be reduced if you think
information seen on your P60. You'll also enter bankyour tax situation will change in the coming year, but if
interest or dividends you've received, and details ofyou end up underestimating them, you could end up
any self-employment income. You'll also enter pensionpaying interest on them. There are also 2 situations
contributions you've made, along with any charitablewhen payments on account don't apply:
contributions. This isn't an exhaustive list, but you get- If your year-end liability is under £500
the idea.- If more than 80% of your tax liability was covered by
Then, you work out how much tax you have to paytax deducted at source (e.g. PAYE, tax on bank
(or, if you submit the return by September, theinterest) or by dividend credits (a whole different story,
Revenue will do it for you).which we won't cover now). So, to give you an
From this amount, you take off any tax that you'veexample: Malcolm starts self-employment alongside his
already paid. For example, the tax you've already hadnormal job on 6 April 2006. When he comes to work
deducted from your salary through PAYE on aon his 2006/2007 tax return, he has a total tax liability
monthly basis, or the tax that's already been deductedof £10,000. £7,000 of this was collected
on any bank interest you're received.through PAYE, and the other £3,000 relates to
The tax return, and any tax outstanding, is due in byhis self-employment. On 31st January 2008 Malcolm is
the 31st January following the end of the tax year - so,going to have to hand over:
for example, the 2005/2006 tax year ends on 5 April- £3000 (the tax he owes that has not already
206, and the tax return is due in by 31st January 2007.been collected)
If you're late, you'll automatically get saddled with a- £1,500 payment on account (because he
£100 fine. As well as posting your tax return in,doesn't meet the criteria for not paying it) This is a big
you can submit it online, or hand it in to your local taxhit, and it helps (slightly) if you know in advance that it's
office. Whatever you do, keep a photocopy or printoutgoing to happen. Come July, he's going to have to pay
of what you submit.another £1,500.