Saving for College: A Parent's Guide to 529 College Savings Plans

If you're like most parents, saving for your children'schild's benefit.
college education is a priority and a big challenge.Have I caught your attention? Now the question is
Tuition and related costs at both public and privatewhich 529 Plan is best for you and your children?
universities have been rising at 5% per year or more,Choosing a 529 Plan
far exceeding the rate of inflation. To put that intoAll plans are sponsored by individual states, but are
perspective, a child born in 2006 should plan ontypically available to residents of other states. Some
$110,000 in total expenses for four years at thestates offer residents a state income tax deduction
average in-state public college; $300,000 for four yearsfor contributions to their own plan. So, for residents of
at a private university.these states, that is the way to go. For those without
Financing these costs for one or more children is goingthat tax incentive or residents of states without an
to take planning and, most importantly, disciplinedincome tax, you can choose from just about any of
savings. Tax-advantaged "529" College Savings plansthe available plans.
are the savings vehicle of choice and offer importantBe aware that many 529 plans are heavily promoted
advantages over other options. A $3,000 annualby brokerages and other financial institutions and can
contribution, beginning at birth, to a growth-oriented 529carry large and completely unnecessary sales
plan should pay for one child's in-state public education,charges. Go with a plan with no sales or other load
and a $7,500 annual contribution for a four-year privatecharges. Typical annual fees for asset and account
education. A later start means higher annualmanagement combined should be 1% or less.
contribution amounts.Recommended 529 Plans
529 Plan AdvantagesThere are at least a dozen excellent options to
- Large Tax-Free Contributions: Parents, grandparents,choose from. Among these, we like the TIAA
other relatives and even friends can contribute up toCREF-managed plans (California and others) and the
$12,000 per year per child, tax-free, to a 529 plan.Vanguard-managed plans in Iowa, Nevada, New York
- Tax-Free Earnings and Distributions: All earnings in aand Utah. The Vanguard plans, with their index
529 plan are tax-free. Distributions are free from allinvestment strategies, have operating costs of less
federal income and most state income taxes whenthan 75%. A new entry is the Alaska plan managed
used for tuition or other qualified college expenses. Thisby T Rowe Price. It offers a choice of first-rate
makes 529 plans as powerful as Roth IRAs foractively-managed funds and at relatively low cost.
long-term savings.No matter which plan you choose, we strongly
- Donors (parents, grandparents, etc.) "own" the 529recommend an "age-based" investment strategy.
assets: Unlike a custodial account that typicallyThese strategies range from Conservative to
becomes the minor's property at age 18, 529 planAggressive. Age-based programs are dynamic asset
assets are always under the control of the donor.allocation programs, similar to Target Retirement date
- 529 plan assets are more advantageous for financialfunds. They are heavily invested in stocks when your
aid considerations: Plan assets are counted at a 5.5%child is young, gradually converting to more
rate by college financial aid offices, compared to thefixed-income and cash as college age approaches.
35% rate used for custodial account assets.This approach protects against the risk of a major
- Unused funds in a 529 can be rolled over to anotherstock market downturn just as the funds are needed.